RNAi技术在转基因西瓜抗病毒病上的研究与应用

对RNAi技术的概念、研究进展及西瓜病毒病的危害及其发生特点、RNAi技术在西瓜抗病毒病上的研究进展进行了阐述,并对存在的一些问题作了简要探讨与展望。     

徐州地区9株新城疫病毒的分离鉴定

为了解徐州地区鸡新城疫流行现状及防治效果，采集该地区鸡新城疫疑似病料，通过血凝试验和血凝抑制试验，对病料进行病毒分离与鉴定，为鸡新城疫病防治提供参考。结果表明，疑似病料经分离培养、血凝试验和血凝抑制试验，获9株鸡新城疫病毒；1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数表明．其中6株病毒为强毒株（SN03—2012、SN12—2012、SN05—2012、SN012012、LB05—2012、SN04—2010）。     

牛呼吸疾病综合征及其防治

牛呼吸疾病综合征是严重危害国内外肉牛养殖业的一种重要传染病,该病的致病因素复杂,包括支原体、病毒和细菌等特异性病原以及运输应激等多种因素。美国等发达国家对该病的攻关研究开始于上世纪80年代初,其研究和临床防控均已达到较高水平,但仍认为该病将是未来10～20年养牛业所面临的主要疾病。我国对该病的认识和研究尚处于起步阶段,借鉴世界上发达国家的先进经验将有助于提升我国对该病的防控水平。     

A simple and rapid method for isolation of caliciviruses from liver of infected rabbits

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV), a member of the Caliciviridae family, is the etiologic agent of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD); this viral disease is highly contagious and kills more than 90% of infected adult rabbits. Research on experimental calicivirus infection uses inocula obtained from livers of rabbits dying from calicivirus infection. This implies that caliciviruses have to be purified from liver homogenates. Current methods to isolate caliciviruses from rabbit livers are time consuming. We propose here a new procedure for fast purification of rabbit caliciviruses from liver homogenates that uses centrifugation through an iodixanol gradient. This method offers in approximately 2 h a sample with a high degree of calicivirus purity, as shown by its biochemical and immunocytochemistry analysis, which is also able to kill adult rabbits from RHD within 48 h of inoculation.     

Validation of an ELISA method for the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis due to Brucella canis

In the present study, the validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of canine brucellosis is described. Two different antigenic extracts, obtained by heat or ultrasonic homogenization of microbial antigens from a wild isolate of Brucella canis bacteria, were compared by ELISA and Western blot (WB). A total of 145 canine sera were used to define sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the ELISA as follows: (1) sera from 34 animals with natural B. canis infection, confirmed by blood culture and PCR, as well as 51 sera samples from healthy dogs with negative results by the agar–gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for canine brucellosis, were used as the control panel for B. canis infection; and (2) to scrutinize the possibility of cross reactions with other common dog infections in the same geographical area in Brazil, 60 sera samples from dogs harboring known infections by Leptospira sp., Ehrlichia canis, canine distemper virus (CDV), Neospora caninum, Babesia canis and Leishmania chagasi (10 in each group) were included in the study. The ELISA using heat soluble bacterial extract (HE-antigen) as antigen showed the best values of sensitivity (91.18%), specificity (100%) and accuracy (96.47%). In the WB analyses, the HE-antigen showed no cross-reactivity with sera from dogs with different infections, while the B. canis sonicate had various protein bands identified by those sera. The performance of the ELISA standardized with the heat soluble B. canis antigen indicates that this assay can be used as a reliable and practical method to confirm infection by this microorganism, as well as a tool for seroepidemiological studies.     

犬细小病毒的病例分析

为了解西安地区犬细小病毒感染的流行病学和临床诊疗情况,给该病的防制提供科学依据,对一年期间前来西北农林科技大学西安宠物医院就诊的70例犬细小病毒感染病例进行了临床调查研究,并对部分病例诊疗过程中的血液白细胞变化进行了监测.西安地区犬细小病毒感染一年四季均可发生,以深秋和冬春季多发;感染犬以7周龄～6月龄的断奶犬最多;感...     

表达外源基因的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染性克隆的构建及病毒拯救

为建立表达标记基因的重组猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)反向遗传操作平台,本研究在PRRSV HuN4-F112疫苗株感染性分子克隆的基础上,采用突变PCR技术将新城疫病毒(NDV)NP蛋白末端优势抗原区插入PRRSV NSP2蛋白的复制非必须区,经基因片段的克隆、拼接,构建了含有外源标记基因的感染性的PRRSV cDNA克隆psk-HuN4-F112-Δ52+NP49。用限制性内切酶SwaΙ将psk-HuN4-F112-Δ52+NP49线性化后通过细胞外转录获得病毒RNA,用脂质体法将病毒RNA转染叙利亚仓鼠肾细胞(BHK-21)包装出病毒粒子,再转接到猴胚胎肾上皮细胞(MACR-145)传代拯救病毒。对拯救的病毒进行RT-PCR扩增、酶切和序列分析鉴定。结果表明,拯救病毒含有不同于亲本病毒的分子标记(病毒基因组14667位人工产生的MluⅠ酶切位点)和插入的标记基因序列。间接免疫荧光试验表明,外源基因NP49在拯救的PRRSV中表达,且能够在PRRSV传代过程中稳定遗传。病毒生长特性比较显示,拯救病毒与亲本病毒在MARC-145细胞上具有相似的增殖特性。本研究构建了含有标记基因PRRSV的感染性克隆并获得了拯救病毒,为进一步开发新型PRRS疫苗提供了有效的反向遗传操作平台。     

生态文化视角下的佤族巨龙竹文化现象探析

以生态文化的视角,从云南佤族自然崇拜观下产生的竹林和环境保护自觉行为、佤族种植竹子的传统方式等方面表现的巨龙竹文化现象,分析得出了佤族竹文化是充满着生态科学细胞的、与自然和人类共生共存、适用于现代社会的生态文化的结论。